Estimate ovulation, the fertile window, the next expected period, and a possible due date from the first day of the last period and average cycle length. These are calendar planning estimates for people with reasonably regular cycles.
Examples
Last period September 8, 2026; 28-day cycle
The next expected period is October 6. Estimated ovulation is September 22, the calendar ovulation range is September 20–24, and the fertile window is September 17–22. Test on or after October 6. A possible due date is June 15, 2027.
Formula
For last-period start D and average cycle length C:
nextPeriod = D + C
estimatedOvulation = nextPeriod − 14
ovulationRange = estimatedOvulation − 2 … estimatedOvulation + 2
fertileWindow = estimatedOvulation − 5 … estimatedOvulation
testOnOrAfter = nextPeriod
possibleDueDate = estimatedOvulation + 266
The five-day ovulation range shows uncertainty in a simple calendar model. It does not mean an egg remains available throughout that range. ASRM defines the fertile window as the six days ending on ovulation.
Limits and reliable use
Cycle length is an average, while ovulation can move between cycles. Ovulation tests, cervical mucus tracking, and clinician evaluation provide different evidence than this calendar projection. Seek clinical advice for irregular cycles, pregnancy concerns, or difficulty conceiving.
Sources
- American Society for Reproductive Medicine: Optimizing natural fertility — six-day fertile window and timing.
- US Office on Women's Health: Pregnancy tests — test timing and early false negatives.
- ACOG: Methods for Estimating the Due Date — pregnancy dating and ultrasound limitations.